The ratchet pruner, which can handle stems thicker than two centimetres, fits in this category. Some bypass designs have only one blade, the lower jaw being broad (like an anvil) but passing the upper jaw. At least one of the blades will be curved: a convex upper blade with either a concave or straight lower one. īypass pruners usually work exactly like a pair of scissors, with two blades "passing by" each other to make the cut. Because they crush the stem they are cutting, anvil pruners are best for use on dead wood. This reduces the cutting force needed to make a cut still further. When the pruners close, the blade draws back slightly while it pushes through the material. When the pruners are open, the blade is longer than the anvil thanks to the eccentric bearing. This is possible because the blade lever and base lever are connected by an eccentric bearing. The LÖWE principle – a drawing cut made against a fixed support – combines a drawing cut with a pushing cut. For this reason, the blades of anvil pruners can be ground thinner than those on bypass pruners. As long as the blade meets the anvil at the end of the cut and fits tightly against it, the material is separated. On an anvil pruner, proper cutting is assured even if the blade swerves slightly to the left or right during cutting. The hardness of the blades is generally between 54 and 58 HRC. The blades are made from hardened carbon or chromium steels. Suitable materials for the anvil are plastic, aluminum, zinc, brass, or bronze alloys. The anvil is made of a material softer than the blade, so that the blade is not damaged when it meets the anvil. Anvil pruners are useful for cutting thick branches one can bite into the stem from one direction, swing the handle around and bite further through narrowed wood from another direction. There are three different blade designs for pruning shears: anvil, bypass and parrot-beak.Īnvil pruners have only one blade, which closes onto a flat surface unlike bypass blades it can be sharpened from both sides and remains reliable when slightly blunt. They are housed in their countryside museum.ĭesigns Professional pruning shears often have replaceable blades Other companies producing anvil pruners include Bahco, Edma, Felco, Fiskars Gardena and Wolf Garten.Ĭollection of secateurs at Breamore House.Īn extensive collection of historical variants of secateurs can be seen at Breamore House, Hampshire, England. The pruners were given the product name "Original LÖWE" and were distributed internationally as far back as 1925. The world's first anvil pruners were developed and produced in 1923 by Walther Schröder in Kiel, Germany. Today secateurs are widely used by gardeners, vintners and fruit farmers. During the late 1890s, secateurs were sold all over Europe and the US. In modern Europe, scissors only used for gardening work have existed since 1819, when the French aristocrat Antoine-François Bertrand de Molleville was listed in "Bon Jardinier", as the inventor of secateurs. Loppers are a larger, two-handed, long-handled version for branches thicker than pruning shears can cut.Ĭutting plants as part of gardening dates to antiquity in both European and East Asian topiary, with specialized scissors used for Chinese penjing and its offshoots – Japanese bonsai and Vietnamese Hòn Non-Bộ – for over a thousand years. They are used in gardening, arboriculture, plant nursery works, farming, flower arranging, and nature conservation, where fine-scale habitat management is required. They are strong enough to prune hard branches of trees and shrubs, sometimes up to two centimetres thick. Pruning shears, also called hand pruners (in American English), or secateurs (in British English), are a type of scissors used for plants. For people named Pruner, see Pruner (surname).
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